Synthesis of 2‐Aminothiophenes on Ionic Liquid Phase Support using the Gewald Reaction

The first report of the use of task‐specific ionic liquid as soluble support for the Gewald synthesis of 2‐aminothiophenes is reported in this article. This synthetic method is simple and efficient, and the products are obtained in good to excellent yields with high purities, without the need for chromatographic purification.     

Noncovalent Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube by Porphyrin: Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes in Water and Formation of Self-Assembly Donor-Acceptor Nanoensemble

A water-soluble nanoensemble of porphyrin and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) was fabricated via electrostatic attraction. The formation of this supramolecular complex was monitored by UV-vis spectra and fluorescence spectra. The donor-acceptor properties of this nanoensemble were characterized by I–V performance of relative photovoltaic device fabricated by layer-by-layer (LBL) technique.     

Physicochemical Behavior of Sulphonated Acetone-Formaldehyde Resin and Naphthalene Sulfonate-Formaldehyde Condensate in Coal-Water Interface

This article studies the physicochemical characteristic of two anionic dispersants—sulphonated acetone-formaldehyde resin (SAF) and naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensate (FDN)—at coal-water interface, including contact angle, adsorption amount, thickness of adsorbed film, and zeta potential, using four different ranks of coals. The results show that SAF has better wetting property than FDN on coal surface. The adsorption amount of SAF in coal-water interface is greater than that of FDN, and that the thickness of adsorbed films of SAF and FDN on Datong coal measured by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are respectively 6.38 nm and 2.11 nm. Moreover, the measurements of zeta potentials in coal-water interface show that SAF has greater capacity in charging coal surface with electronegativity. Based on the investigation, the adsorption models of SAF and FDN on different rank of coals are presented.     

最优控制与计算结构力学的模拟理论

控制理论和计算力学原来是两个互不相关,独立发展的领域,各有自己的一套理论体系。最近发现,控制理论与结构力学之间存在着一一对应的模拟关系。这一相似性原理的发现使得这两个领域里的成果可以互相促进,特别是用计算结构力学解决最优控制问题已显示出独特的优越性。由此产生了一门模拟理论。本文简要介绍该理论的进展。     

一种自润滑镍基合金显微组织和相结构分析

为了进一步优化研制的含硫高温自润滑镍基合金的综合性能，以将其应用于新型高效热引擎和推进系统为目的，利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、电子探针和Ｘ射线衍射仪等，对一种铸态的含硫高温自润滑镍基合金的显微组织和相结构进行了分析．结果表明：这种合金主要由以合金元素Ｆｅ，Ｃｏ，Ｃｒ和Ｍｏ等固溶强化的镍基固溶体基体相、硫化物相Ｃｒ３Ｓ４和复合碳化物相（Ｍｏ０．９Ｃｒ０．１）２Ｃ所组成，具有三元共晶组织特征的显微组织；这种合金的摩擦磨损性能良好，但因Ｃｒ３Ｓ４多呈粗大网状分布，故其强度和冲击韧性都比较差．这为通过调整合金的成分和制备工艺，或采用适当的热处理及后加工工艺改善合金的性能提供了科学依据     

WC-Ni金属陶瓷高温摩擦学性能的研究

本文考察了WC—Ni金属陶瓷的组成,显微组织和硬度及摩擦学条件等对其高温摩擦学性能的影响,并且发现WC-Ni材料在高温下摩擦时,表面生成了含氧化合物NiWO_4和WO_3,故其摩擦磨损性能比常温下的好。试验结果表明,NiWO_4有高温减摩作用,WO_3有抗磨作用;WC-Ni材料中的Ni含量为40％(wt)时,其在载荷39.2N、速度1m/s、温度600℃下摩擦形成的表面膜比较均匀连续,摩擦系数最低。     

钻孔法测量残余应力过程中钻孔附加应变

本文叙述了钻孔法测量残余应力过程中的附加应变.研究应力水平对附加应变的影响是在单向应力条件下进行的,结果表明,钻孔条件、材料状态以及残余应力达到一定值时,附加应变为零.     

草酸钙结石患者尿液中纳米微晶的成核、生长、聚集及其与结石形成的关系

肾结石的主要组分是草酸钙(CaOxa)等晶体。目前肾结石只能在形成以后才能被诊断,这给患者带来了极大的痛苦。肾结石的形成与尿液中的纳米微晶性质密切相关,如果能在结石形成之前或形成初期早期检测,则可以有效地预防肾结石发生发展。本文结合本课题组的工作,从微晶尺寸、微晶的聚集程度、形貌、化学组分、Zeta电位和稳定性等方面综述了肾结石患者尿液中纳米微晶的性质差异及其与肾结石形成的关系,并与健康对照者进行了比较;讨论了CaOxa结石患者在服用防石药物柠檬酸钾后尿微晶的性质变化。研究结果表明尿液中的纳米微晶的聚集是导致微晶快速增大和结石形成的关键因素,说明通过调控纳米微晶的物理、化学性质,有可能抑制肾结石的形成和复发。     

Acid‐Promoted Thioacetalization in Water using 2‐(1,3‐Dithian‐2‐ylidene)malonic Acid as an Odorless and Efficient Thioacetalization Reagent

Thioacetalization using 2‐(1,3‐dithian‐2‐ylidene)malonic acid 1 as a nonthiolic, odorless 1,3‐propanedithiol equivalent promoted by p‐dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid in water has been achieved. A range of selected carbonyl compounds 2 was converted into the corresponding dithioacetals 3 in high yields. Moreover, the thioacetalization showed high chemoselectivity between aldehydes and ketones.